Democratization in the Third Wave European Countries Essay

Democratization in the one-third Wave European Countries - Essay ExampleTherehave been three vagabonds of democratization. The first wave started in the 1820s, as suffrage widened and more citizens in Europe demanded their rights (Huntington 1991, p.3). It started in the US and past spread crosswise the British dominion (Huntington 1984, p.196). However, in 1922 Mussolini came to power, which tag the return to autocracies. By the end of World War II, provided 12 democracies were left, in comparison to 29 beforehand (Huntington 1991, p.3). The second wave was supported, and imposed by the consort Forces after World War II. In 1962, the zenith was reached with 36 democracies (Huntington 1991, p.3). Many of them were alike former colonies (Huntington 1991, p. 31 108). aft(prenominal) 1962, commonwealth again experienced a decline (Jaggers & Gurr 1995, 477). In 1974, the third wave started. This wave was marked by the shifts to body politic in Portugal, Greece and Spain (Hunti ngton, 1991, p.4). The Catholic Church became an opponent of autocracies in the 1960s (Huntington 1991, p.77). The European trades union (EU), then known as the European Community (EC), conditioned the benefits of access to their markets on democratization. Greece joined EC in 1981, and Spain and Portugal followed. By 1994, according to Jaggers and Gurr (1995, p.479), there were 50 percent democracies and only 18 percent autocracies in the world. However, they also classified countries into in lucid systems, claiming that 19 percent countries were autocracies and 13 percent democracies (Jaggers & Gurr, 1995, p.479).... 31 108). After 1962, democracy again experienced a decline (Jaggers & Gurr 1995, 477). In 1974, the third wave started. This wave was marked by the shifts to democracy in Portugal, Greece and Spain (Huntington, 1991, p.4). The Catholic Church became an opponent of autocracies in the 1960s (Huntington 1991, p.77). The European Union (EU), then known as the European C ommunity (EC), conditioned the benefits of access to their markets on democratization. Greece joined EC in 1981, and Spain and Portugal followed. By 1994, according to Jaggers and Gurr (1995, p.479), there were 50 percent democracies and only 18 percent autocracies in the world. However, they also classified countries into incoherent systems, claiming that 19 percent countries were autocracies and 13 percent democracies (Jaggers & Gurr, 1995, p.479). These are less stable than coherent systems. Papaioannou and Siourounis (2008, p.384) determined that among 174 countries between 1960 and 2005, there were 63 democratic transitions and 3 reverse transitions from relatively stable democracy to autocracy. In the 1990s, it was questionable whether young democracies were going to survive. According to Shin (1994, p.137), since governments depend on people or demos, democracy can only survive if people support it. However, at the time, newly democratic countries lacked factors that assist democratization such as civic organizations and market economies (Shin 1994, p.137). According to Rose and Shin (2001, p.334), while the third wave has increased by 77 per cent the number of countries holding competitive elections, the number of countries recognizing political and civil liberties has increased by only 40 per cent. As a result, the third wave in many an(prenominal)