Effect of Eating Fast Food Essay

Before, individuals in the Jakarta city consistently ate sound and new food. In any case, today, numerous individuals like to eat inexpensive food, for example, pizza, cheeseburgers, and seared chicken. Numerous reasons why individuals like to devour cheap food. This article will clarify some negative impacts of cheap food. There are a few reasons why cheap food develops rapidly in Jakarta. The principal reason is changing ways of life in the public arena. In Jakarta, numerous individuals are working in workplaces or organizations. The laborers don't have a lot of time to scan for food on the grounds that the working hours are strong. Promoting is another explanation. Jakarta is a major city that through promoting consistently educates new items to society. For instance, web and TV report each day about advancement of various kinds of inexpensive food. These advertisements impact individuals to purchase inexpensive food. Besides, cost of inexpensive food is exceptionally modest. In this manner, consistently numerous individuals purchase Hamburger, Pizza and other quick nourishments. Be that as it may, inexpensive food effectsly affects the individuals of Jakarta. The best impact is the impact on wellbeing. It tends to be seen from numerous individuals in Jakarta became fat due to these nourishments. Thus, these individuals will turn out to be less beneficial and have a condition, for example, coronary illness and diabetes. Another result of the cheap food is losing custom of eating along with family at home. Presently, youngsters and grown-ups seldom eat together at home. Therefore, guardians and kids only from time to time impart one another. The following impact is on the economy. Cheap food isn't excessively costly, progressively costly when cooking at home; be that as it may, all inexpensive food originates from outside possessed establishment organization, so the advantages of these nourishments for outsiders. In by and large, I believe that many individuals expend inexpensive food in Jakarta on account of the way of life, the impact of promoting, and low costs. In any case, I accept that these nourishments have genuine results in the network, for example, medical issues, loss of conventional family dinners, and monetary issues. Along these lines, individuals in Jakarta should leave cheap food for a superior life.

How GMOs Created Free Essays

How GMOs made? A hereditarily changed living being might be partner creature, plant, or smaller scale life form (for example microbes) whose sequencetic cosmetics is changed through quality graft, hereditary alteration, or transgenic innovation. We will compose a custom paper test on How GMOs Created? or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now This control of qualities and DNA can possibly make combos of creature, bacterial, plant, and infective operator qualities that either don’t or wouldn’t normally show in nature through old crossbreeding systems. It’s the shaky characteristics made by these logical controls, and a shortage of long examination and investigation on the effect such controls will deliver, that has a few researchers and individuals from the general open involved.How hereditarily changed nourishments created?When hereditarily altering plants that square measure utilized for food, researchers remove explicit qualities from the DNA of another creature, similar to relate creature, bacterium, plant, or infection thus include those qualities into the DNA of the plant they require to change. This strategy is typically referenced as grouping graft. By including totally various qualities, researchers trust the plant can acquire the attributes contained inside the joined segment of DNA.ZUCCHINIWhat Is Zucchini? Otherwise called courgette, zucchini has its beginning in America and is realistic in yellow, lightweight unpracticed, and unpracticed shading. the type of this small summer squash takes after that of a furrowed cucumber and choices different seeds. A few cultivators conjointly fabricate zucchini in adjusted or bottle shapes. Today, the most significant makers of this squash typify Japan, China, Romania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and Argentina. it’s grown-up year-around and might be eaten crude, cut or in lyonnaise kind. It might be cut in an exceedingly chilly dish and is moreover lyonnaise in hot plates of mixed greens. Despite the fact that zucchini could be a natural product, it’s now and again lyonnaise as a vegetablebecause it’s best once eaten in lyonnaise dishes. it’s picked once it’s beneath 8in/20cm long and furthermore the seeds square measure delicate and youthful. a completely evolved zucchini is now and then 3 feet in length and contains an exorbitant measure of fiber and isn’t brilliant to eat. Youthful zucchini consolidates a sensitive style, delicate covering, and rich white substance. it’s realistic in its best kind all through might and July. the greater part the components of this squash square measure eatable, along with the substance, seeds, and even the skin.Varieties of zucchini: Some across the board assortments are: Brilliant zucchini choices brght brilliant yellow skin that holds its shading even once planning. Round sorts square measure thick, overwhelming, and almost seeded with a wash surface. Tatume, that is normal in Mexico, has comparative choices of circular determination anyway has the large oval structure. Costata Romanesco conjointly called Cocozelle could be a long, thin sort with a little lump at extremely modest completion. It alternatives pale, raised ribs with dappled unpracticed skin. when tough and youthful, this squash is succulent and sweet. Center Eastern sorts square measure fat, lightweight unpracticed, tightening closes with a thick greenish stem. they need wash, glossy skin and firm, fresh and flavourous substance. Yellow Crooknecks have thick unsmooth skin with a particularly falcate neck. they’re new in surface with sweet, sensitive flavor. Wellbeing Edges Of Zucchini: Health edges of zucchini epitomize the following;Weight Loss: You may be stunned to get a handle on that mind-boggling zucchini can help you soften off essentially. it’s low in calories, anyway it gives you the impression of being full. In this way, it’s a decent gratitude to fulfill your appetency while not snatching calories or starting an accident diet set up. except for the low-carbohydrate content, it’s high water content and is made in fiber. Consequently, when you eat it, your midsection isn’t void, along these lines making zucchini plans fantastic if you’re on a diet.Maintains Best Health: Already being a great gracefully of metal and ascorbic corrosive, zucchini is furthermore the best flexibly of dietary fiber that may save your body inside the best structure for the day's end. It conjointly contains axerophthol, magnesium, folate, potassium, copper, and phosphorus. This late spring squash conjointly joins a high substance of omega-3 unsaturated fat unsaturated fats, zinc, niacin, and macromolecule. Additionally, nutrient B1, nutrient B6, nutrient B2, and nuclear number 20 in zucchini guarantee best wellbeing. it’s in all likelihood the best squash having partner cluster of supplements, along with sugar, starches, dissolvable and insoluble fiber, sodium, minerals, amino acids, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. The B-complex nutrient element of this squash is very recommended for pregnant young ladies additionally.Promotes Men’s Health: Many specialists have taken concentrates from this squash to lead sure examinations related over that this organic product has sure properties that viably treat an evil in men known as amiable prostatic hyperplasia or Benign endocrine Hypertrophy. Benevolent prostatic hyperplasia could be a condition any place the ductless organ gets amplified in partner odd structure and size, that at that point will cause bother with each sexual and urinary work. a legitimate treatment of this is regularly observed along with various nourishments that contain phytonutrients; zucchini is professed to be exceptionally useful in diminishing generous prostatic hyperplasia symptoms.Prevents Diseases: Your general wellbeing can for certain improve in the event that you devour zucchini much of the time. It prevents a wide range of illnesses in an exceedingly broad sense. Studies have just proclaimed that fiber-rich nourishments encourage mitigate malignancy conditions by clothing ceaselessly disease causing poisons from cells inside the colon. The ascorbic corrosive, folate, and carotenoid in zucchini encourage to shield these cells from the hurtful synthetic concoctions that may bring about carcinoma. carotenoid and ascorbic corrosive even have medication properties, subsequently normally hardening sicknesses like joint pain, asthma, and joint pain, any place growing is immensely agonizing. The copper extent in it conjointly helps in diminishing the side effects of arthritis.Protects vascular framework: It is made in natural procedure worth, especially all through the late spring, when it conveys unnumbered advantages to the body. The food positioning frameworks in zucchini-rich nations have proclaimed that this squash has broad degrees of metal and ascorbic corrosive that encourage to remain the inside strong. During the examination, the majority of those supplements were discovered successful inside the bar of diabetic cardiovascular illness and induration of the courses. The metallic component content outstandingly decreases the peril of coronary failures and strokes. along with K, metallic component conjointly helps in lessening high power per unit zone. The ascorbic corrosive and carotenoid found in summer squash encourage in forestalling the oxidization of cholesterin. change cholesterin constructs up to date vas dividers, anyway these supplements cut back the occasion of induration of the corridors. The sustenance B-complex nutrient is required by the body to wipe out partner risky metabolic side-effect known as homocysteine, which may prompt assault and stroke if the degree rise excessively high. Its fiber content brings down high cholesterin levels moreover, consequently serving to downsize the risk of induration of the corridors and heart ailments on account of polygenic disease.Immunity: Our body USually|is often} effectively connected inside the protection against a few microorganisms that may hurt us. Now and again, this procedure gets frail, and would perhaps need fortifications. taking care of nourishments made in cancer prevention agents like ascorbic corrosive will reinforce our framework, and get it up and managing like ne’er previously. Zucchini is one food that may give you with imperative dosages of this nourishment.Vitamin C acts to zest up insusceptibility by invigorating the get together of white platelets. These cells square measure worried in defensive our framework against intrusive destructive microorganisms like infections and microorganism. ascorbic corrosive conjointly helps battle the exercises of free radicals, whose communication with various body cells may prompt neoplasm growth.Zucchini’s Benefits: Zucchini has a place with the Cucurbita pepo species that was the subject of partner India-based investigation. since it appears, this types of summer squash ensures against the occasion of sore of the midsection and furthermore the small digestive tract, that will be that the segment of the little viscus that interfaces it to the mid-region. inside the examination, same ulcers were inspired in guinea pigs by giving them Empirin. when fourteen days of overseeing the concentrate of ready Cucurbita pepo, layer thickening of the midsection and duodemun was resolved, affirming the gastroduodenum-defensive and in general enemy of ulcerogenic component of Cucurbita pepo. Squash has conjointly been found to contain quantifiable measures of cellulose, a kind of sugar that shows potential for dietary clinical guide for polygenic malady. The dicot variety types of squash, of that zucchini has a place with, has been concentrated in Slovak Republic, and it’s been discovered that the cellulose during this types of squash has restorative medication impacts. inside the investigation, hacking was evoked in guinea pigs by overseeing corrosive. A while later, cellulose polysaccharides got orally to the subjects and their hacking reflex remittent. The outcomes were then contrasted with the restorative medication impacts of torment pill, a kind of opiate, and cellulose polysaccharides had practically identical, and sometimes considerably higher hack stifling movement than torment pill. Phytonutrients square measure broad in zucchini moreover and proceeding with investigation has delivered revelation of arranged phytochemicals blessing in Cucurbita pepo. These mixes have demonstrated multi-focused on bar of malignant growth

Program Assistant Introduction Nabila Hassan MPA 20 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Nabila Hassan MPA 20 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Nabila Hassan was born and raised in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She is a second-year MPA student concentrating in Economic and Political Development and specializing in Technology, Media and Communications. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh with a MA in History and Politics, Nabila worked in communications in Malaysia focusing on social impact, public sector client communications and digital communications. What were you doing before you came to SIPA? Before SIPA, I spent three years at McKinsey Company in Malaysia with the  integrated communications team in Southeast Asia and then Asia. During my time there,  I had the opportunity to work on client projects with public sector and government-linked companies which re-energized my ambition to contribute to change both in Malaysia and in the region. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? A former colleague attended SIPA a few years ago and encouraged me to apply. I dug deeper into SIPAs curriculum, faculty and student profile and  it quickly became my dream graduate school. Knowing that I would return to Southeast Asia, I wanted to attend a school with immense diversity from its people and thinking to the breadth of classes and faculty expertise. SIPA also has a healthy balance of classes that teach practical skills, which is useful regardless of what industry you pursue after school.  Location was most definitely a helpful deciding factor theres no other city like New York and the abundance of opportunities that exist here. Did you choose to attend SIPA to change careers, or to gain experience in a career path you already had experience in? I chose to attend SIPA to change careers or rather, to focus my career. My previous role was in communications and I would like to move towards a technology policy role which will both leverage my prior experience while at the same time be a shift towards a more specific policy career. So I guess its a little bit of both! Do you feel like you have gotten to know some of the faculty members? Yes! The faculty members that I have gotten to know at SIPA are incredible and extremely thoughtful! They have given me career and academic guidance and have proactively shared opportunities that fit my interest.  As I completed my undergraduate degree in the UK, I wasnt sure what to expect of the education system in the US. I find the approaches very different as the US takes a more hands-on approach to education, and there are efforts to link you into the broader college community. What most surprised you about SIPA after you arrived? How fast orientation ended and the first day of classes arrived! The first few weeks at SIPA was overwhelming because it took time to adjust to being a student again while at the same time juggling classes, add/drop period (this was not a thing in the UK!), attending socials and making friends. What surprised me the most are the incredible people here who constantly create an inclusive and welcoming environment. Did you have a lot of quantitative experience when you applied to SIPA? Why not? How did you perform in those classes?   I applied to SIPA with very limited quantitative experience that I struggled with writing the quantitative resume, primarily because I did not use those skills after high school. Studying for the GRE helped build that confidence and I also took a college-level online introduction to micro- and macroeconomics which helped me better prepare for those classes at SIPA. While I was initially apprehensive about any quantitative class, they have all turned out to be very valuable and it will most definitely be useful regardless of what job you wish to pursue post-SIPA. Strangely enough, Quantitative I was my favourite class last year, and I hope to take Quantitative Analysis II in the Spring.

The Symbolic Significance of Methuselah as It Reflects the...

Methuselah is a parrot character in The Poisonwood Bible written by Barbara Kingsolver. The novel is set in the late 20th century in a village of The Congo call Kilanga. Methuselah is a parrot who is left by brother Fowls for the Price family. He has been denied freedom for very long and has been kept in a cage. Later when Nathan Price sets him free, he has no idea what to do with his independence. So he keeps flying near the Price house and depends on the Price girls for food. When Congo’s independence is announced, Methuselah gets killed and eaten by a cat. The imprisonment and freedom of Methuselah can symbolize the current and the future conditions of the Price family as well as the colonization and independence of The Congo.†¦show more content†¦The Belgians had colonized The Congo for its natural resources like many other western powers at the time that â€Å"aimed for no more than have dominion on every creature that moved upon this earth† (10) as it is confessed by Orleanna at the beginning of the novel. In a very similar way, Methuselah was kept in a cage by the humans against its will only because it was a weaker creature. Just like The Congo, Methuselah is not allowed the freedom of speech as every time he says something, Nathan Price gets mad and inquires â€Å"which one of [the daughters] taught [it] to say that word† (76). In a similar way, The Congo is denied the freedom of speech and is not considered as a sovereign state. The effects of the colonization of The Congo can still be seen as the country could not cope up with it even after half a century. The country remains poor and divided as it is not used to work on its own and enjoy the freedom of living. The same happens with Methuselah after Nathan tells him that â€Å"(he is) free to go† (94) and grants him freedom. Methuselah had forgotten what freedom feels like and â€Å"it goes and then it comes back because its wings aren’t any count† ( 133). Because of this Methuselah cannot survive on its own and later he gets killed and eaten by a cat. Comparing Methuselah with hope Adah declares that she had found hope â€Å"fallen already† (185) and she adds that â€Å"a piece of it [was there] beside their latrine, one red plume† (185). In an act

Maternal and Infant Mortality Rate in the US Essays

Introduction: Losing a loved one is a very painful experience especially when someone is lost through maternal means. As far as culture diversity is concerned, many communities around the world have different expectations when it comes to maternal mortality on whether to lose the baby or the mom. In most communities, they opt for the child to die and the mom to survive while in others, they prefer the baby to survive and lose the mom even though such believers are very minimal around the world. Maternal mortalities of both the mothers and the infants are increasing at a very high level around the world with the United States of America being the best recipient with the highest number of infant mortalities behind Bosnia. Maternal mortality is a situation where a mother succumbs to motilities through hemorrhage hypertension or heart attack at delivery. According to the experts estimation, there are more than fifty instances that are complication related to pregnancies for each birth Within the first twenty four hours of childbirth in the world, it is reported that approximately two million babies die just few hours after birth and with the United States of America reported to have the second worst highest infant mortality rate in the modern developed world. This is according to the newly released report. During their first months, babies in the United States of America are more likely to die as the ones born in Japan, and infant deaths is two point five times higher in United States than in Iceland, Norway or Finland. This is according to reliable painstaking researches. The only country that beats The United States of America in high infant mortalities is Latvia with 6 deaths out of one thousand birth rates. Given the fact that the United States of America has a high number of neonatologists as well as neonatal intensive care unit beds for each person as compared to the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, its infant mortality rate is on the higher side as compared to any of these countries. A well analyzed and confirmed data from the governments, international agencies and various research institutions discovered higher infant mortality rates among the American disadvantaged groups as well as the minorities. One hundred and twenty five countries are ranked according to the ten gauges of well being, 6 for mothers and 4 for children; this included objective measures like lifetime mortality risk for the mothers as well as infant mortality rates and even the subjective measures like women’s political status. According to the chief executive officer of save the children, President Charles McCormack, the report card indicated the direct link between the mother’s status and their children’s status. This means that, in governments which mothers do well, their children also do well. The president said this with a report accompanied by a written statement. Doctor Michael Lu a public health’s a Gynecology and Obstetrics UCLA Associate professor, commenced a presentation at eNews concerning the mortality rates of infants which   he termed as disgraceful with a promise of Africa. He said in that promise that America was failing to in illustrating the extent of its failure concerning the infant mortality rates among black mothers who were termed as the most affected by the mortality rates as compared to the white mothers whereby they were expected to be born as twice under weight as compared to the white children just as they were as well likely to be twice prematurely born and also more likely to lose their lives at infancy. The rate of African American mothers dying during childbirth was also estimated to be at seventy percent reason being the assumption those African-American women were genetically predisposed (Lu,   2010) According to The Daily Beast reports there is an alarming rise of mortalities of mothers during their child birthing. This occurs through obesity epidemic, hemorrhage and largely through caesarean section. Through its reliable investigator Danielle Friedman, on maternal deaths and their possible causes, She gives an example of a thirty seven year old mother who lost her life after successfully giving birth to a healthy bouncing baby girl due to the carelessness of doctors who assumed that, all was well with the her health because she looked healthy during her pregnancy and therefore neglected to check on her healthy regularly for other complications. She met her death after she unsuccessfully delivered the placenta leading to the unsuccessfully surgery performed on her to remove the placenta but only for the doctors to realize two days later that they had lost her due to hemorrhage. Her sudden death raised so many questions as per to why the doctors paid less attention to her during her pregnancy and after giving birth more so after the operation. Was it not for the carelessness of the doctors, the death would not have occurred, sentiments echoed by her widower Mr. Brian Muffy, when telling The Daily Beast. According to Friedman, over the past twenty years, maternal mortality rate in the United States of America has almost doubled with each year recording about five hundred deaths of women due to pregnancy-related complications. Shocking still, among the industrialized nations, the United States of America is ranked at terrible position of forty first by the WHO’s list of maternal mortality rates behind states like Bosnia and south Korea even though the US   spends a huge amount of money on maternal care than any country in the world. The daily beast reveals that there are several explanations attached to these mysteries some of them being; Skyrocketing Caesarean Rates whereby, Friedman argues that before caesarean sections were advanced to be as safe as they are purported to be today, and even after the government of America pumping of money into this sector, one out of three women currently give birth through surgical procedures as compared to ten years ago where one out of f ive maternal women gave birth through caesarean section. Following this, the WHO indicates that America’s caesarian rate should not exceed fifteen percent meaning that more than a half of the Caesarean procedures in America are medically unnecessary sins since these high caesarean rates are related to maternal mortality rates. This is simply because more than eighty percent of women who deliver through surgical births are more likely to undergo re-hospitalization as compared to women who give birth normally through a vagina. Chances are that, the caesarean women are four times more likely to die due to complications like hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism. Obesity among pregnant moms is also another factor influencing maternal rates in the United States of America. Despite serious risks, obese women in America are giving birth. Centers for disease control in US indicate that one over five women become obese during the beginning of their pregnancies. Such women are at risk of getting more health complications like diabetes, high blood pressure and hypertension which possibly leads to fatal conditions such as preeclampsia. In US, eighteen percent of maternal losses are caused by preeclampsia whereby as compared to the past decade, this condition has deteriorated by growing up to forty percent. Due to soft tissues impeding delivery, sometimes labor becomes difficult among obese women. These women are also at a danger for delivering overweight babies which will need caesarean procedure and also develop heart problems and post partum infections. Another A disparity in accessing care among pregnant women in the US is also another challenge that causes maternal immortalities. It is reported that one in five of women who are t the age of child bearing, are not insured. Over the past decades, the health care system in the US widely grew forcing the existence of economic disparities. In many states, most of the poor women do qualify for medical cover once they get pregnant to but only to be dropped later. According to the Amnesty International reports, most of these women are dropped just six weeks after giving birth. A maternal health expert Dr. Gene Declercq who is based at the school of public health in Boston University, terms such women as baby delivery vessels due to the limited attention that they are accorded. According to Kaplan, if a woman develops complications like hypertension and diabetes, in her first pregnancy, the dangerous cycle begin there. On the process, the women’s condition deteriorates since she is not capable of affording the proper medical care for her situation. Worst still, such women are not in positions to afford even to help prevent pregnancies and they usually end up getting pregnancies repeatedly whereby most of the times, they get themselves into greater dangers. This happens until by the time they get back to Medicaid’s for their next pregnancies, they are not in good conditions. The good news to such women in the United States of America is that, approximately fifteen million people are going to access Medicaid’s according to the proposed health-care reforms which are expected to make Medicaid’s easily accessible whereby this will include maternal and prenatal care (Kaplan, 2010) Another condition that triggers the maternal mortality rate is Unnecessary Medical Interventions such as through Caesarean sections where drugs are induced to sooth labor as well as the devices that are put in place to screen how the condition of the heart and how it beats. All these devices are meant to save women’s lives but sometimes they turn out to complicate lives of those women who are healthy by creating a new problem. When these interventions are unprofessionally applied to a pregnant woman, or rather performed inconveniently or unnecessarily, they can cause Urinal Track Infection to some women. These problems have been highly reported in most of the developed countries since they are technologically advanced. It is also reported that forty percent of women in labor are induced unlike the other developed countries where inducements are only applied as the last option. These drugs trigger lots chains of complications to women aggressive contractions being an example. L oudon reiterates that initially, deliveries that were undertaken at home by trained supervised midwives were lowest as compared to those taken in hospitals (Loudon, 2010) Older mothers at their forties are as well at risk of maternal mortality rates. Women of thirty five years and above are likely to suffer from gestational diabetes among many other complications since they are most likely to deliver twins or even multiples, usually, multiples are more risky to deliver as compared to a single birth and this applies to both babies and mothers. In this case, moms who are over forty years of age are expected to lose more lives as compared to as compared to those young moms. Another major reason as per to why higher mortality rates are recorded is due to poor birth education. In the present United States birth is reported to be increasingly medicalized and due to this fact, most women are ignorantly suffering from lack of knowledge in decision making as far as childbirth is concerned. Women who are low income learners do not have enough to money to access proper health care lessons and as a result, they are ignorant of ideal expectant mothers’ medication a well as the type of activities to engage in as well as the activities they should not engage themselves in. Some of these activities are smoking, drinking and even excessive eating some foods that are not good for pregnant moms just to mention a few. It has been also detected that during C- section, women feel powerless to an extent that they even lose control of their birth experience. Due to fatigue, being overworked and weeping repeatedly, these women are not in a good position to direct some the questions to since they cannot be able to make any informed decision. References: Lu, M. (2010): Is Racism Behind High Infant Mortality Rates among African-American. Derived October 6, 2010 from   http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2010/05/05/racism-behind-disgracefulinfant-mortality-rates-Among-africanamericansOUP. Friedman, D. (2000): The Beast New York. Kaplan, D. (2010): Health freedom alliance. Derived October 6, 2010 from http://healthfreedoms.org/2010/06/28/rising-maternal-mortality-rate-causes-alarm-calls-for-action/ Loudon, (2000): Maternal mortality in the past and its relevance to developing countries today.

Bendix Case Study Free Essays

The Bended Corporation is a parts supplier for five separate business units: automotive, the Frame Corporation (filters), aerospace, industrial and energy, and international. In 1951, the Bended Corporation is credited with the invention of electronic fuel injection (EFFIE) and was in sole possession of the accompanying patent until 1978. The company had not utilized this innovation to its fullest potential due to the lack of interest in automotive manufacturers in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Bendix Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1976, Douglas Crane, president of Bended Corporation’s automotive division, was mulling ever the idea of embarking on the construction of a $10 million injector manufacturing plant, the main component involved EFFIE. Major Problems and Issues There are many problems facing Bender’s customers in 1976, the first and most predominant being government regulations. The government has been tightening and tightening the control over pollution levels in automotive emissions as well as minimum gas mileage requirements for each manufacturers’ fleets. The major car manufacturers were unable to meet these requirements with their current fuel delivery system technology. These demands put added pressure on Bended to revived a solution in order to provide future success and to create a competitive advantage. Another major problem facing Bended was competition from a Busch, a company that Bended earlier had made an agreement with to use Bender’s EFFIE technology to manufacture for the European market. Busch was planning on creating a manufacturing plant in the United States, threatening to take away some of the market share away from Bended. Another issue facing the implementation of EFFIE into the American automotive market is the phenomena that affect innovation in a large corporation. The phenomenon is that with larger economies of scale, the less the many is willing implementing a radically different solution to an old and well- known problem. The company is more willing to improve processes with their innovations, and then to create a whole new product line. The implementations of product innovations are more common in startups than in well-established firms such as Bended. This phenomenon can explain why EFFIE was put on the back burner and never utilized fully. [1] Possible Solutions There are three possible scenarios for the Bended Corporation when it comes to the new injector manufacturing plant. The first is Bended could build a new state of the art facility. The contract between Busch and Bended allowed them full disclosure, and each company shared their technologies and processes. Bended had a man spend several months studying the methods Busch was using in their production of injectors. The lessons that were learned during this time can be used to make a plant using new technology Second, Bended could restructure an existing facility to produce injectors. This remodel would take less time and cost less than building a brand new facility. Bended tried this strategy when they started producing their own electronic control units (CEO) by adding production to their radio manufacturing facility. This initial failure was remedied when Crane took control over the SEC production and got the right team together in order to meet a contract with Cadillac. Lastly, Bended could cancel the new facility and supply the injectors from an outside firm. This strategy that Bended used early in its EFFIE production. Although it does not contain the capital costs of tooling and/or building a facility. This solution has the issue that the current suppliers cannot meet the numbers Bended is looking to supply when/if EFFIE becomes the standard. Recommended Actions The issues that are facing the automotive industry are a factor that will change the environment for these companies causing them to have to make fundamental changes in fuel delivery systems. These changes will become an opportunity for Bended to pursue EFFIE as the solution for the future regulations and performance standards expected by the American customers. For Bended to become a leader in EFFIE, they will need to have a competitive, and they will not be able to when they are supplying injectors from their competitors. Bended will have to become more vertically integrated by producing their own injectors and using the knowledge they have from their time observing Busch, they can produce them more efficiently and tit less waste. The action I would recommend for Crane to pursue is creating their own brand new injector facility. The facility will be able supply the future needs for EFFIE due to regulations. Bended will be able to compete and beat Busch in the market due to superior processes. To get past the phenomena such as stated earlier their needs to be a strong leader championing this endeavor and Crane has already proven himself with the SEC project. [2] Conclusion In conclusion, there are a plethora of factors outside of the control of the market such as government regulation and management phenomena inside a large corporation. A company can come up with a solution that may not useful at the time such as in this case. There was no need at the time for EFFIE at its invention because of the less stringent pollution and mileage standards but as time progresses EFFIE became a more and more plausible solution. Whatever choice Bended made, EFFIE is now standard on all cars and carburetors are a thing of the past. Bibliography [1] Abernathy, W. , Turtleback, J. (2014). Pattern of Industrial Innovation. Innovation Management (1-9). Romania, NY: Lines Learning. [2] Schumacher, T. (2014, May 22). Gunfire at Sea. Youth. Retrieved June 16, 2014, from HTTPS://www. Youth. Com/ How to cite Bendix Case Study, Free Case study samples

Bendix Case Study Free Essays

The Bended Corporation is a parts supplier for five separate business units: automotive, the Frame Corporation (filters), aerospace, industrial and energy, and international. In 1951, the Bended Corporation is credited with the invention of electronic fuel injection (EFFIE) and was in sole possession of the accompanying patent until 1978. The company had not utilized this innovation to its fullest potential due to the lack of interest in automotive manufacturers in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Bendix Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1976, Douglas Crane, president of Bended Corporation’s automotive division, was mulling ever the idea of embarking on the construction of a $10 million injector manufacturing plant, the main component involved EFFIE. Major Problems and Issues There are many problems facing Bender’s customers in 1976, the first and most predominant being government regulations. The government has been tightening and tightening the control over pollution levels in automotive emissions as well as minimum gas mileage requirements for each manufacturers’ fleets. The major car manufacturers were unable to meet these requirements with their current fuel delivery system technology. These demands put added pressure on Bended to revived a solution in order to provide future success and to create a competitive advantage. Another major problem facing Bended was competition from a Busch, a company that Bended earlier had made an agreement with to use Bender’s EFFIE technology to manufacture for the European market. Busch was planning on creating a manufacturing plant in the United States, threatening to take away some of the market share away from Bended. Another issue facing the implementation of EFFIE into the American automotive market is the phenomena that affect innovation in a large corporation. The phenomenon is that with larger economies of scale, the less the many is willing implementing a radically different solution to an old and well- known problem. The company is more willing to improve processes with their innovations, and then to create a whole new product line. The implementations of product innovations are more common in startups than in well-established firms such as Bended. This phenomenon can explain why EFFIE was put on the back burner and never utilized fully. [1] Possible Solutions There are three possible scenarios for the Bended Corporation when it comes to the new injector manufacturing plant. The first is Bended could build a new state of the art facility. The contract between Busch and Bended allowed them full disclosure, and each company shared their technologies and processes. Bended had a man spend several months studying the methods Busch was using in their production of injectors. The lessons that were learned during this time can be used to make a plant using new technology Second, Bended could restructure an existing facility to produce injectors. This remodel would take less time and cost less than building a brand new facility. Bended tried this strategy when they started producing their own electronic control units (CEO) by adding production to their radio manufacturing facility. This initial failure was remedied when Crane took control over the SEC production and got the right team together in order to meet a contract with Cadillac. Lastly, Bended could cancel the new facility and supply the injectors from an outside firm. This strategy that Bended used early in its EFFIE production. Although it does not contain the capital costs of tooling and/or building a facility. This solution has the issue that the current suppliers cannot meet the numbers Bended is looking to supply when/if EFFIE becomes the standard. Recommended Actions The issues that are facing the automotive industry are a factor that will change the environment for these companies causing them to have to make fundamental changes in fuel delivery systems. These changes will become an opportunity for Bended to pursue EFFIE as the solution for the future regulations and performance standards expected by the American customers. For Bended to become a leader in EFFIE, they will need to have a competitive, and they will not be able to when they are supplying injectors from their competitors. Bended will have to become more vertically integrated by producing their own injectors and using the knowledge they have from their time observing Busch, they can produce them more efficiently and tit less waste. The action I would recommend for Crane to pursue is creating their own brand new injector facility. The facility will be able supply the future needs for EFFIE due to regulations. Bended will be able to compete and beat Busch in the market due to superior processes. To get past the phenomena such as stated earlier their needs to be a strong leader championing this endeavor and Crane has already proven himself with the SEC project. [2] Conclusion In conclusion, there are a plethora of factors outside of the control of the market such as government regulation and management phenomena inside a large corporation. A company can come up with a solution that may not useful at the time such as in this case. There was no need at the time for EFFIE at its invention because of the less stringent pollution and mileage standards but as time progresses EFFIE became a more and more plausible solution. Whatever choice Bended made, EFFIE is now standard on all cars and carburetors are a thing of the past. Bibliography [1] Abernathy, W. , Turtleback, J. (2014). Pattern of Industrial Innovation. Innovation Management (1-9). Romania, NY: Lines Learning. [2] Schumacher, T. (2014, May 22). Gunfire at Sea. Youth. Retrieved June 16, 2014, from HTTPS://www. Youth. Com/ How to cite Bendix Case Study, Free Case study samples

Assignment Brief and Case Study free essay sample

For advice on structure of the port, referencing and Other details please refer to Assessment section on the module Accessed. 2. In addition, your group should submit a group journal which should include a critical reflection (3-4 pages). The template of the group journal can be found at the end of this assignment brief and in Assessment section of Accessed. 3. Based on your group report and journal prepare a group presentation.Your presentation should have maximum six slides (excluding the first slide containing the title of the presentation and names of all group members) and the duration of your presentation should not exceed five-six minutes. All group members should present in class and be ready to step in if one or more group members do not turn up for the presentation assessment. Students not in attendance and not presenting will receive a mark of 0% for this element unless they have mitigating circumstances. The suggested structure of the presentation can be be found at the end of this assignment brief.For presentation tips please refer to Assessment section on the module Accessed. Assignment questions: Your report should address the following three points: 1. Do you consider that the different departments at Ironwoods are groups or teams? Justify your answer making reference to appropriate B theories and drawing on examples from the case study. 2. Making reference to appropriate B theories and drawing on examples from the case study outline and diagnose underlying issues and problems at Rings. Toots.Issues and problems at Rings. Toots may relate to group work, organizational culture and communication, motivation, and other areas. 3. Conclude the report with recommendations as to how things may be improved, I. E. Write an action plan for the company, basing your recommendations on your analysis of problems and issues as well as appropriate theoretical knowledge. Prioritize possible actions and consider the implications of your recommendations based on your knowledge of the company. Firing on three cylinders Lifestyle Cars Ltd, as is general amongst car manufacturers, distributes its vehicles through a series of authorized dealerships all over the UK. In order to successfully qualify for such authorization, each potential dealership has to undergo rigorous vetting procedures to ensure that Lifestyles quality standards will be adhered to. Competition for authorized dealership is always fierce, never more so than when, as with Lifestyle, the products are popular ND sell well. Dealers are expected to meet sales and growth targets laid down by the manufacturer in trade jargon to move the metal.Rewards for success are not just monetary: dealers who are performing well are awarded a variety of other prizes, from holidays to extra deliveries of new models into their showroom. Out-of-date models are obviously not as easy to move and not dealer wants deliveries of these cars in favor of new or improved styles. Once accepted as an authorized dealer, the relationship between dealership and Lifesty le is not always an easy one. The two organizations must live side y side for as long as the contract lasts.Lifestyle has no direct authority over a dealer but indirectly have great power. To understand this situation more fully, let us look at a typical dealership, Ironwoods Ltd. Founded more than twenty years ago by Alan Ringworm, it has seen steady growth over that time from its humble start as a vehicle repair shop to the present day which sees it as a Lifestyle authorized dealer. Founder Alan Ringworm, managing director of his own company is also the Lifestyle dealer principal; the organization chart is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Organization chart of Ironwoods LtdManaging director/dealer principal Car sales manager Issued-car sales New car sales Fleet sales After-sales manager Parts manager Service manager Speedy fit exhausts Overlaid on this is the Lifestyle organization of two regional managers, responsible for either sales or service. Thus the car sales manager reports directly to Alan Ringworm and in directly to his Lifestyle regional manager who has his own company targets to meet. Equally Ringworm, whilst being managing director of his own company, is also equally accountable to epistyle Cars via the two regional managers and their bosses.Failure to meet tankards and targets set could well result in the loss of the franchise. It would appear from Figure 1 that the dealership falls naturally into two distinct areas: Sales and After-sales. Even if this were the case, it would not be a welcome division: profit margins on new cars are low and a dealership relies on the after-market to engender customer loyalty and boost revenue. However, in the case of Ironwoods, the groups divide even further.Let us look at each section separately: Car Sales The car sales manager is responsible for essentially three separate and distinct areas: new cars, used cars, and fleet sales. To take the first two, historically there is always a bigger profit to be made from used cars than from new. Used cars can mean anything from a five-year-old vehicle to one which has only been owned for six months. An unknowing customer, therefore, intending to purchase a brand new car may be successfully prospected by a used-car salesman to buy a six-month-old car before they even get as far as the showroom door.Behind-the-scenes arguments ensue as to the customers intentions and to whom the commission should go, particularly if the customer has always purchased new before. Similar arguments occur within each team as to who the customer belongs to: comments such as, She was my customer, I talked to her first but Debbie signed her up on my day off- deserve a percentage, are frequently heard and in an industry where base salaries are low and made up by commission, are hardly surprising. Sales techniques can range from the subtle to the not so subtle.Subtle, in that test drives will always take a left-turn route so that the prospect does not feel worried or unsure about how a car will perfor m if they have to turn right across the traffic. Not so subtle is the use Of controlled selling techniques where prospects, on a flimsy excuse of taking the used car for a test drive, find themselves minus keys and virtually locked in a room until they sign on the dotted line. After-sales This area also tends to fall into WV distinct sections: Service and Parts.The Parts department serves two masters: the general public (be it a sleepyhead motor mechanic or a private car owner intent on doing his own servicing) and the Service department itself. The Parts manager is under increasing pressure to keep his inventory levels as low as possible and is recently heard on the telephone trying to borrow essential but slummed parts from other Lifestyle dealers in the region. The Service technicians are highly trained mechanics who these days have traded in their ring spanners for state-of-the-art computer diagnostics.They are paid by the number of jobs they complete. Tailors is alive and well in the motor industry: each job has a set time allotted to it and listed in the job book. Therefore if a technician can beat the book, not only are they paid for the number of hours that it should have taken but they can also go on to another job. It is not unusual, therefore, for a technician to be paid for seventy-five hours having only physically worked for thirty-nine.Clearly, therefore, there is tension between workshop and Parts: the former do not want to be held up waiting for a part which the department is trying to locate at another dealership. Against this general background we then have the manufacturer imposing strict controls in all areas from the showroom layout to the procedure for warranty claims. As mentioned, the car industry is a competitive one and Lifestyle have decided to introduce an even greater element of competition y introducing a set of customer care principles against which each dealer will be measured.Ten in total, five for Sales and five for After-sales (but primarily Service), they detail the main stages in a customer transaction and include areas such as manner, tone, and attitude of the salesman, quality of purchase experience and right first time, every time for Service. Performance against standards will be measured by customer questionnaires and each dealership will be given their results in a monthly league table for the whole region. Lifestyle have decided that each dealer who consistently alls below the region average will lose discounts a not inconsiderable amount of money over the year. After the first quarters figures had been issued, Alan Ringworm called a meeting of all staff and explained the results. Overall they were below the group average in the following areas: 0 Customers considered that salesmen were too pushy/ and they felt that they were abandoned once the deal had been done with them. CLC Service department was experiencing a high level of repeat repairs. Further analysis showed that this was partly due to standard Of work but also due to the fact hat the fault could not be immediately rectified because parts were unavailable and had to be ordered.All in all, if the dealership were to continue on this slippery slope it stood to lose up to EYE,OHO in the coming year. Asking each of his managers to come up with some solutions PEG, Alan Ringworm then wandered around the dealership where he overheard the following comments: l dont know why hes getting at us the customer care principles dont include Parts. (Parts manager) D l hope hes not going to change the payment system unless hes going to double wages. Beating the book is the only way can earn a living wage. (Technician) CLC I try to move the metal so that get my commission and keep Lifestyle happy and now theyre saying that Im too pushy in this job you have to be, otherwise somebody else gets the deal. (Nectar salesman) C Wed be a lot better off if Parts got their act together. (Workshop supervisor) C] We do the best we can and Service lets us down each time. (Accused salesman) D A lot of the problems are due to the Lifestyle warranty procedure theyre just too picky and thats why it seems as if were getting repeat repairs. (Service manager)Returning to his office Ringworm murmured to himself, l just dont know what to do. Read an article recently about quality circles but you need a spirit of cooperation for that this lot arent even speaking to each other. Source: Adapted from Muddle and Called (1996) I. Report Marking Criteria (30% of the overall module mark): 1 . Overall style of written report and structure 10% of total marks Writing style should be simple and fluent in terms of spelling, grammar and punctuation. The report should have a clear structure and organized into identifiable sections with introduction, main body and conclusion. Analysis Question 1 20% of total marks. The answer should have good theoretical underpinning drawing on the appropriate theories/issues of groups, teams and group working and should not be just a repetition and description of facts that are contained in the case study. There should be evidence of an indents examination of relevant issues with supporting evidence from the case. There should be evidence of logical development of arguments. Question 2 20% of total marks appropriate theories/issues of organizational culture, communication, group working, motivation, etc. ND should not be just a petition and description of facts that are contained in the case study. There should be evidence of an in-depth examination of relevant issues with supporting evidence from the case. There should be evidence of logical development of arguments. Question 3 of total marks You should provide recommendations to the company management indicating actions needed. Recommendations should be based on your analysis of problems and issues at Ironwoods as well as appropriate theoretical knowledge and also be realistic. They should demonstrate proportioning of possible actions that will combine coherently into a plan of action and should be flowing and integrated, not lists of bullet points. You should consider the implications of your recommendations based on your knowledge of the organization. 3. Referencing 10% of total marks There should be a properly constructed list of references using Harvard referencing system with a minimum of five appropriate academic SOUrces and all referencing and citing in the text should be correct. 4.Group Journal 20% of total marks This is a very important element of the group assignment. Please discuss and reflect on the following questions and provide your answers as a group: a) Your group profile. Drawing and collating your individual results from the skills questionnaires found in some of the Tutorial Topic Guides on Accessed give an overview of your group identifying your strengths as a group as well as your weaknesses (this exercise could be done at the first group meeting to get to know each other better). B) Working together as group.C] How did your group work together? C] Did any leader(s) emerge? How did you allocate the tasks between group members? C] Did you learn anything new about yourselves? 0 What has worked best in your group? What were the positive aspects of working in a group? What were the negative aspects of working in a group? L] What academic and employability skills did you develop in the process of working on this assignment and how can these skills be used in the future? C] What would you do differently if you had to work in a group again? C) Non-contribution of any group-members.At the end of your journal please indicate very clearly if any group memb er(s) has not contributed sufficiently to the group assignment. Also, clearly indicate non-contribution in the assignment cover sheet when you submit your presentation slides. II. Group presentation (1 0% of the overall module mark). Based on your group report and journal you should prepare a presentation and present in class for formal assessment w/c 15 December. The presentation (Max 6 slides excel. The cover slide) should include the following: 1 . Title of the presentation and names of group members (1 slide) 2.Brief analysis of main issues and problems identified in the case study company (Max. 2 slides). 3. Recommendations to the case study company as to how main problems and issues identified can be addressed and overcome (Max. 2 slides). 4. Academic and employability skills you have developed in the process of working on this group assignment (Max. Slides). This part of the presentation should be based on your group report. The presentation should be coherent and fluent. It should be well executed with smooth handovers and good eye contact.

DemingS Fourteen Points For Management Essays - Management

Deming'S Fourteen Points For Management Deming has written a great deal over the years to explain his philosophy and methods. Deming defined quality as a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability at low costs and suited to the market. In this case we are going to examine the causes of the quality problems at EuroCab SA with respect to Demings Fourteen Points for Management. His Fourteen Points for quality are: 1. Create constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service with a plan to become competitive and thus to stay in business and to provide jobs. 2. Adopt the new philosophy. We are in economic age. We can no longer live with commonly accepted levels or delays, mistakes, defective materials, and defective workmanship. 3. Cease dependence on mass inspection to achieve quality. Require instead statistical evidence that quality is built in. 4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of price tag alone. Instead, depend on meaningful measures of quality, along with price. Eliminate suppliers that cannot provide statistical evidence of quality. 5. Find problems. It is managements job to work continually on the system (design, incoming materials, composition of material, maintenance, improvement of machines, training, supervision, retraining). 6. Institute modern methods of training and education on the job, including management. 7. Adopt and institute leadership. 8. Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the company. 9. Break down barriers between departments. People in research, design, sales, and production must work as a team to foresee problems of production that may be encountered with various materials and specifications. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce asking for zero defects and new levels of productivity. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships, as the bulk of the causes of low quality and low productivity belong to the system and thus lie beyond the power of workforce. 11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management. 12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship. Eliminate the annual rating or merit system. 13. Institute a vigorous programme of education and self-improvement for everyone. 14. Create a structure in top management that will push everyday on the above 13 points EuroCab as we know is one of the leading European manufacturers of customized metal cabinets of various sizes and designs. In the last five years EuroCab has experienced rapid growth in sales and profits. It has actually sextupled its turnover from 115 million francs in 1992 to 750 million francs in 1995. Despite this success, EuroCab faces many quality problems, which are a big threat for the performance of the company. Lack of training and responsibility, problems with its suppliers and the pressure and threats that management exerts to the employees are the main causes of the quality problem that EuroCab face. In order to have a closer look to each one of these causes we are going to examine testimonies of the supervisors. Charlotte Lorcy who is supervisor of Final Inspection in her testimony has mentioned that they have to reject a completed cab when they find visual defects on the posts. Anne Cardignac supervisor in the Electrical Assembly has mentioned that despite working with Charlotte in the same area of the factory, they cannot help her because they are not qualified to say whether a small scratch or dent is acceptable or not. We can assume immediately the absence of training from the workers in the electrical assembly section. They have not been taught whether a scratch or a dent is acceptable and thus creating waste of time if they left a cab that they think is ok but actually is not because it will have to be fixed again. Anne also reported that sometimes because of faults in the design of the cabinets they do a little damage (paint damage). So there is a problem with the designing team that sends defective materials to the electrical assembly section. There is also a problem with the mechanical assembly section. As Anne mentions there is a lack of responsibility and lack of training in the department. Specifically there are not clear build instruction s for new employees so mistakes are inevitable. Finally Anne mentions that by the time the only performance measurement is output, everybody cares only for

Free Essays on Gio Ponti

During the twentieth century, the world of Italian design achieved their identity as the â€Å"design capital of the world†. The evolution of Italian design was equally impacted by the rise of Fascism between the World Wars, the emergence of new ideological approaches towards design, and technological advancements. However, no other element influenced Italy’s national identity more than the work of Gio Ponti. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of Modernism in today’s world has sparked a renewed interest in Ponti’s design ideology, as well as his works, both of which have adopted innovation and refinement. In order to understand Gio Ponti’s influence on Italian design, one must first understand the influence the world had on Ponti. A brief synopsis of his existence is necessary in order to reveal the elements, which ultimately determined his novel ideology towards design. Ponti’s service during WWI and his work with various design firms he worked with over the span of nearly six decades are obvious contributions. Meanwhile, one cannot overlook his work as an editor and educator, nor his participation in the Triennale Exhibitions, which not only influenced Ponti but the rest of the world as well. First, it is necessary to give due credit to gioponti.com/index.html, which provided all of the following biographical information pertaining to Gio Ponti. Gio Ponti was born in Milan on November 18, 1891 to Enrico Ponti and Giovanna Rigone. As Italy engaged in a war with Austria, Ponti was drafted into the army. By 1916, Ponti acquired the rank of captain, while he also received the Bronze Medal and Military Cross. During his tour in WWI, Ponti witnessed many examples of the classical architect, Andrea Palladio. His experience with Palladian architecture helped to initiate his earliest conceptions of design. After exiting the war, Ponti pursued a degree in architecture at the Milan Polytechnic and finally... Free Essays on Gio Ponti Free Essays on Gio Ponti During the twentieth century, the world of Italian design achieved their identity as the â€Å"design capital of the world†. The evolution of Italian design was equally impacted by the rise of Fascism between the World Wars, the emergence of new ideological approaches towards design, and technological advancements. However, no other element influenced Italy’s national identity more than the work of Gio Ponti. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of Modernism in today’s world has sparked a renewed interest in Ponti’s design ideology, as well as his works, both of which have adopted innovation and refinement. In order to understand Gio Ponti’s influence on Italian design, one must first understand the influence the world had on Ponti. A brief synopsis of his existence is necessary in order to reveal the elements, which ultimately determined his novel ideology towards design. Ponti’s service during WWI and his work with various design firms he worked with over the span of nearly six decades are obvious contributions. Meanwhile, one cannot overlook his work as an editor and educator, nor his participation in the Triennale Exhibitions, which not only influenced Ponti but the rest of the world as well. First, it is necessary to give due credit to gioponti.com/index.html, which provided all of the following biographical information pertaining to Gio Ponti. Gio Ponti was born in Milan on November 18, 1891 to Enrico Ponti and Giovanna Rigone. As Italy engaged in a war with Austria, Ponti was drafted into the army. By 1916, Ponti acquired the rank of captain, while he also received the Bronze Medal and Military Cross. During his tour in WWI, Ponti witnessed many examples of the classical architect, Andrea Palladio. His experience with Palladian architecture helped to initiate his earliest conceptions of design. After exiting the war, Ponti pursued a degree in architecture at the Milan Polytechnic and finally...

Environmental policies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Environmental policies - Research Paper Example As a result of the popularity of this issue, there have been key debates on whether the challenge it posses is dangerous for the world with another side dismissing global warming as an affair that is dangerous and does not exist although the two sides identify the importance of protecting the levels of greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere. This essay focuses on the challenging issue of global warming. The essay will provide a brief definition of global warming and engage in a discussion of global warming and especially on its key definitional aspect of climate change. Thereafter, the essay identifies the reasons that contribute to the aspect of climate change while identifying the main cause of climate change, which is the greenhouse gases emission. The essay will also identify the main responses to climate change and in particular, the main issues of adaptation to climate change and mitigation processes. Before engaging on any discussion on global warming, it is essential to und erstand what global warming means. By its very name, global warming is the increasing temperatures in the atmosphere of the earth and in oceans. It is important to differentiate between the weather and the climate of the world. In this case, the weather in a particular area includes temperatures, the amount of rainfall experienced in a place, the cloud cover, and the wind speed experienced in the place. On the other hand, the climate of a region or a place is quantified by finding the average of the weather in the place (Fern, 2009). Hence, the weather of a place could be defined as dry and hot, cool and wet, or even cool and dry while the weather could be sunny, rainy, windy, or any other type of weather. It is evident that the weather of a region could change anytime. This implies that the climate of a region could also change, which explains the phenomenon the world currently experiences in relationship to global warming as the world becomes hotter and hotter each day. Evidence o f Climate Change The last two decades have remarkably been characterized by the changes in the climate of the world. In this case, the 1980s and 1990s were noted as very warm years and this was the beginning of the issue of global warming since this period ushered in the changes in world climate (Houghton, 2004). In these two last decades of the 20th century, climatic records indicate that there have been issues of climate change with the world’s climatic conditions growing hotter and hotter. Case in point, there has been evidence of unusually strong winds in Europe with the early morning of 16 October 1987 experiencing blowing down of â€Å"over fifteen million trees in the southeastern part of England and in its capital of London† (Houghton, 2004, p.2). Most recently, the world has experienced its fair share of disasters resulting from typhoons and hurricanes that have brought devastating effects on the environment with the effects of these challenges felt on the liv elihoods of people and on their lives. Rainfall patterns have also changed, which is part of the climate changes that the world continues to experience. In this case, the world has experienced increasing incidents of strong rains that lead to flooding while other areas have experienced low

Traffic Rage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Traffic Rage - Essay Example always on the look out for people who create disturbance and scenes on the road and in essence hinder the smooth running of vehicles on the pathways. However traffic rage is a wholly different phenomenon which deals with congestion of traffic on the roads when the traffic is caught up in a deadlock for hours and hours at a stretch. Traffic rage, similar to road rage brings in frustration, tension and all sorts of problems that the motorists usually face in such a situation. Traffic rage is essentially linked with the problem that a person is going through while he is unable to control his temper and anger in the wake of knowing that the vehicles behind him and in front of him are stuck in the same quagmire and he cannot do anything about it. This non-control of emotions and feelings and making them public in a physical or verbal sense is a direct example of what traffic rage can literally be like. An important factor here is to understand that the traffic rage does not lay courtesy the vehicle under question or objects that leads to it in the first place, rather it is due to the state of affairs of the person who undertakes the act of traffic rage which quintessentially governs the whole state of mind that he is in, forced or unforced. Furthermore, it also accounts to the person’s non-understanding nature and lack of thinking and eventually acting ability which leads him to flow with the emotions and feelings that he just fails to control the sa me and thus end up in problems at a later stage. On a more personal note, my traffic rage stems from the fact that I was getting late for work on that particular morning and there was just so much traffic that I knew for sure that I would end up being late at the office. I just could not make myself to understand the situation at hand and kept on continuing criticizing the government’s and law enforcement agencies’ state of affairs. I was constantly bickering within my car which everyone around (in their cars) could

Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride In Tablets

Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride In Tablets ABSTRACT This chapter describes method development and validation of UV First Derivative Zero Crossing method for simultaneous determination of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablet dosage forms. AIM The main aim of the present study is to develope a simple, sensitive and cost effective UV spectroscopic method for the simultaneous estimation of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablets, on the basis of zero Crossing measurement. Validation of the developed method for routine analysis of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablets for quality control laboratories. RATIONALE Alfuzosin Hydrochloride is an alpha-adrenergic blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate Dutasteride belongs to a class of drugs called 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, which block the action of the 5-alpha-reductase enzymes that convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Recently both the drugs have been marketed in combination (Alfusin D acts on both the dynamic and the static components of BPH) in tablet dosage forms; combined oral administration has been found to be more effective than either single drug. To the best of knowledge, no derivative spectroscopic method available for simultaneous determination. Derivative spectroscopy provides a greater selectivity than common spectroscopy. RESULT AND CONCLUSION A simple, accurate and precise spectroscopic method was developed for  simultaneous determination of LER and ATE in tablets using first derivative  Zero crossing method. LER shows ZCP at 231 nm while ATE shows ZCP at  250 nm. The 1D amplitude was measured at 250 nm for LER and 231 nm For  ATE and calibration curves were plotted as 1D amplitude versus concentration,  respectively. The method was found to be linear from 4-28 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for LER  (r2=0.9967) at 250 nm and 5-30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for ATE (r2=0.9996) at 231 nm. The  within day and between day variations showed coefficient of variation (%CV)  values 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH): It is characterized by hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the prostate. When sufficiently large, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial, or sometimes virtually complete, obstruction of the urethra, which interferes the normal flow of urine. It leads to symptoms of urinary hesitancy, frequent urination, dysuria (painful urination), increased risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary retention. Although prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated in these patients because of increased organ volume and inflammation due to urinary tract infections, BPH is not considered to be a premalignant lesion. Adenomatous prostatic growth is believed to begin at approximately age 30 years. An estimated 50% of men have histologic evidence of BPH by age 50 years and 75% by age 80 years. In 40-50% of these patients, BPH becomes clinically significant. How does BPH occur? The prostate goes through two main periods of growth. In early puberty, the prostate doubles in size. Then, around age 25, the prostate begins to grow again and continues to grow throughout most of a mans life. The continuing enlargement of the prostate does not usually cause problems until later in life. However, the second period of growth may, many years later, result in BPH. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): BPH rarely causes symptoms before age 40. More than half of men in their 60s have some symptoms of BPH. As many as 90 percent of men in their 70s and 80s have some symptoms of BPH SYMPTOMS: Difficulty in starting to pass urine ( hesitancy) A weak stream of urine Dribbling after urinating The need to strain to pass urine Incomplete emptying of bladder Difficulty to control the urination urge Having to get up several times in the night to pass urine Feeling a burning sensation when passing urine Passing urine mixed with blood (indication of infection) Treatment of BPH   BPH may not require any form of treatment and may just be monitored for any changes or early signs of any problems. In the event that BPH has caused a urinary tract infection, the infection will be treated first with antibiotic medications and then the BPH may be treated. There are several forms of treatment that can be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia that include medications, minimally invasive therapies, and surgery. The two types of medications currently used to treat BPH are alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.   These medications can prevent the prostrate gland from growing larger and may shrink the prostrate gland in some patients.   How do Alpha blockers work: Alpha blockers work by relaxing the smooth muscle tissue in your prostate and at the opening to your bladder. When this muscle tissue relaxes, it is easier for your urine to flow. This may help if you have difficulty starting to urinate and a weak urine stream. Alpha blockers can start working within two to three days, and may relieve your urinary symptoms in about two to three weeks. However, these medications do not stop your prostate gland from continuing to enlarge. Available alpha blockers include: Cardura (doxazosin) Flomax (tamsulosin) Hytrin (terazosin) Uroxatral(alfuzosin) How do 5 alpha reductase inhibitors work The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by interfering with the effect of specific male hormones (androgens) on your prostate. This may slow the growth of your prostate and can even cause your prostate to get smaller, which may help improve BPH symptoms. Men with larger prostates may have a greater benefit from these medications than do men with smaller prostates. But, for some men, size (of the prostate that is) does not matter, and the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may not give satisfactory results even if your prostate gets smaller. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work slowly, and they may take up to six months before you notice any improvement. Available 5-alpha reductase inhibitors include: Avodart (dutasteride) Proscar (finasteride) Both an Alpha Blocker and 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitor Depending on symptoms and the size of your prostate, your doctor may recommend a combination of an alpha-blocker with a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. The combination of the two types of medications may help more than either medicine alone. 1.2.2 DRUG PROFILE: Alfuzosin hydrochloride: It is an alpha-adrenergic blocker Structure File:Alfuzosin.svg N-[3-[(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-quinazolin-2-yl)-methyl-amino]propyl] tetrahydrofuran- 2-carboxamide Dutasteride: It is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Structure File:Dutasteride.svg (5ÃŽÂ ±,17ÃŽÂ ²)-N-{2,5bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl}-3-oxo-4-azaandrost-1-ene-17-carboxamide Pharmacodynamic Alfuzosin is a quinazoline-derivative alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, alfuzosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha(1) subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors. In the human prostate, alfuzosin antagonizes phenylephrine (alpha(1) agonist)-induced contractions Pharmacokinetics  and Metabolism Absorption is 50% lower under fasting conditions Volume of distribution 3.2 L/kg [healthy male middle-aged volunteers] Protein binding 82%-90% Metabolism Hepatic. Alfuzosin undergoes extensive metabolism by the liver, with only 11% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in the urine. Alfuzosin is metabolized by three metabolic pathways: oxidation, O-demethylations, and N-dealkylation. The metabolites are not pharmacologically active. CYP3A4 is the principal hepatic enzyme isoform involved in its metabolism. 1.2.3 REPORTED UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS 1.2.4 Aim and Objective of the present work: Derivative spectroscopic methods are more sensitive than other spectroscopic method according to literature there is no derivative spectroscopic method reported so there is need to develop a sensitive derivative spectroscopic method which is more sensitive than simultaneous equation method so aim is to develop and validate the first derivative Zero-Crossing UV spectrophotometric method and apply that method to simultaneous determination of these drug in marketed formulation. 1.3 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 1.3.1 Chemicals and Reagents Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride ALFUSIN D (CIPLA Ltd.) containing 10 mg of Alfuzosin HCl 0.5 mg of Dutasteride were purchased from local market. Methanol of HPLC grade was purchased from Merck Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Purified Water was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA, USA). 1.3.2 Instrument Spectroscopic Analysis was carried out on a JascoV-650 double beam UV-Visible  spectrophotometer with software of Spectra Manager. The zero order absorption spectra were recorded over the wavelength range of 200-400 nm, against solvent blank, in quartz cuvetts with 1 cm diameter with scan speed of 100 nm/min and fixed value of slit width is 1 nm The ordinate maximum minimum were adjusted according to derivative values. 1.3.3 Development of UV first derivative Zero crossing method: As the Dutasteride is Insoluble in Water 80:20 V/V Mixture of Methanol and Water were used for method development First of all, Individual Zero orders absorption Spectra of both the drugs were recorded by scanning 10 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml solution. The ÃŽÂ »max of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride was found to be 240 nm 225.5 nm respectively. We have chosen derivative spectroscopy which is based on mathematical transformation of spectra zero order curves in to derivative spectra, which allows a fast sensitive and precise resolution of a multicomponent mixture and overcomes the problem of overlapping of a multi component system. Derivative Spectroscopy on the basis of zero crossing measurement involves measurement of absolute value of total derivative spectrum at an abscissa value corresponding to the Zero Crossing wavelength of the derivative spectra of individual components, which should be only the function of the concentration of the other component. Zero crossing points of Alfuzosin HCl a nd Dutasteride were identified in first derivative spectra. the measurement exhibited the best linear response and have given a near zero intercept on the coordinate of the calibration graph, and is less affected by the concentration of  any other component. Alfuzosin HCl was determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at the zero-crossing point of Dutasteride was determined by measurement of its1 D at the zero-crossing point of Alfuzosin HCl . 1.3.4 Preparation of stock solution Primary standard stock solution of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride were prepared separately by dissolving accurately weighed amount (10 mg) of drug in 10 ml 80:20 V/V (MeOH:H2O) to produce a concentration of 1.00mg/mL Working standard solution of each analyte were prepared by appropriate dilution of stock solution to get 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL The further concentration required for constructing calibration curve were prepared daily by dilution of 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL working standard. Stock solution of binary mixture was prepared by dissolving accurately weighed quantities of both drugs in solvent. Further dilutions of binary mixture were made to obtain QC samples. 1.3.5 Calibration standard quality control (QC) samples The standard calibration sample were prepared by diluting working standard solution of each analyte to yield seven different concentration over the range of  3-24 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for Alfuzosin HCl 3-30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for Dutasteride . Linearity was evaluated separately for each drug using the defined analytical amplitudes (1D), with appropriate seven standard solutions. The QC sample were prepared from stock solution containing binary mixture to yield the low, medium high concentration (4,5 6ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml for Alfuzosin HCl) (20 ,25 30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mLfor Dutasteride). 1.3.6 Procedure for calibration curve Absorption derivative spectra were recorded over the range of the wavelength range 200-400 nm. Zero order spectra of standard calibration sample of 10 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml of each drug were recorded against blank. First order spectra were recorded with in concentration range, the value of analytical amplitude 1D231 and 1D250 for ATE LER respectively were recorded. The calibration curve for derivative spectrophotometry were constructed by plotting the drug concentration versus the absorbance values of the first derivative spectrum 1D at 1D 231 and 1D250 for ATE LER, respectively. 1.3.7 Inter-day Intra-day accuracy precision A QC standard prepared binary mixture was evaluated for Inter-day Intraday  accuracy precision. Accuracy was determined as the absolute value of the ratio of the back calculated mean values of QC to their respective nominal  values was expressed as percentage. Precision of assay was expressed as  percentage coefficient of variation (% CV) for QC sample Binary Mixture 1.3.8 Assay of Pharmaceutical dosage form A total number of 20 tablets (Alfusin D) accurately weighed and  powdered in a mortar. Quantities of the powdered tablets equivalent to 10 mg of Alfuzosin HCl 0.5 mg of Dutasteride were accurately weighed and transferred in to 100 ml volumetric flask. Weighed powder was dissolved in 80:20 V/V (MeOH:H2O) mixed thoroughly and kept under mechanical shaking for 15 minutes. Solution obtain was filtered through filter paper and diluted with same solvent to get the concentration within linearity and used for the measurement of derivative spectra. The concentration of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride in tablet were calculated from corresponding calibration curve. 1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.4.1 Development of First derivative zero crossing method Derivative spectroscopy on the basis of zero crossing measurement involves measurement of absolute value of total derivative spectrum at an abscissa  value corresponding to the zero crossing wavelengths of the derivative spectra  of individual components. Which should be the function of the concentration of  other component Zero crossing points for ATE LER were found to be 211.9,  225.4, 250, 275.2, 292.2 218.4, 231, 240.7, 310.9, 362.7 nm respectively the  measurement at 250 231 exhibit best linear response. So ATE was  determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at ZCP of LER (at 231 nm ). LER was determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at ZCP of ATE (at  250 nm). 1.4.2 Validation23-25 1.4.2.1 Linearity Since beer law obeys between absorbance values 0.1-1, the linearity is  established by plotting points between these two readings in triplicate. for  Lercanidipine HCl linearity found to be between 3 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL to 24 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL with  typical regression equation of 0.0015x-0.0003 with regression coefficient of  0.9967 for Atenolol Linearity found to be between 3 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml to 30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml with  regression equation 0.0025x+0.0005 with regression coefficient of 0.9996. 1.4.2.2 Accuracy The accuracy of method was established in triplicate in three consecutive days. At 80%, 100% 120% of the expected sample concentration in synthetic binary mixture, the method found to be very accurate with recovery References M. VAMSI KRISHNA* and D. GOWRI SANKAR Optimization and Validation of Quantitative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry Safwan Ashour, M. Fawaz Chehna, Roula Bayram Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin HCl in Pharmaceutical Formulations with some Sulphonephthalein Dyes International journal of Biomedical science M. SUGUMARAN Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin from Its Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form J. Ind. Council Chem. Vol. 26, No. 1, 2009, pp. 47-49 SYEDA HUMAIRA, AKALANKA DEY1, S APPALA RAJU, SYED SANAULLAH Applications Of Colorimetric Methods For The Determination Of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartarate In Drug Formulations International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 2, Suppl 1, 2010 Md Ruhul Amin, Moynul Hasan, Abdullah Al Masud, Md Hanif uddin,  Md Hasanuzzaman and Mohammad Kaisarul Islam Validated Uv Spectrophotometric Method For Estimation Of Dutasteride In Tablet Dosage Form Islam M K et al. / Pharmacie Globale (IJCP) 2011, 4 (04) Kamila M. M., Mondal N Ghosh L.K A Validated Spectrophotometric Method For  Determination Of Dutasteride In Bulk Drug And Pharmaceutical Formulations International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vishnu P. Choudhari*, Sacchidanand R. Gite, Rahul P. Raut, Asawaree A. Hable, Sanket R. Parekar, Bhanudas S. Kuchekar Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination Of Dutasteride And Tamsulosin In Combined Tablet Dosage Form By First Order Derivative Spectroscopy And Area Under Curve (Auc) Spectrophotometric Methods And Its Application To Uniformity Of Content In Tablet And Capsule ISSN 0976 -044 x Volume 2, Issue 2, May June 2010; Article 013

cliques :: essays research papers

The purpose of my speech is to persuade that schools do not do enough to prevent harassment of other students. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movies you always see the big jock shoving the little dorky kid into a locker or pushing his head into a toilet. This doesn’t just happen in the movies, it can be a reality. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From recent statistics shown, 1 out of 4 kids have been or are being bullied, yet 1 out of 5 kids have said they have been a bully to someone. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s hard to believe but 100,000 students carry a gun to school. I think that’s so disappointing for today’s youth that they have to carry a gun to feel safe. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s not always students getting bullied; teachers are also assaulted, robbed, and etc. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People who are bullies know right away who to pick on. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are usually kids with not many friends also known as loners. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people who are handicapped, mentally or physically are chosen to be harassed. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenage girls belonging to cliques can be very cruel if your appearance isn’t as stylish or trendy as they see fit. The girls will use insults, gossiping, rejection, or even spreading rumors. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The self-esteem of the victims declines decreasingly low, making them think they are inferior. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ronald Stephens, from the National School Safety Center says, â€Å"A lot of administrators don’t want a paper trail, it’s a fear of litigation and a reluctance to look bad.† A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some schools just ignore the fact that bullying is going on in the school. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many parents have taken legal action because of the administrators who have done nothing about their harassment issues. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Export Pennsylvania, Christina, a 7th grader was riding the bus home from school when two girls tried to light her hair on fire. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school officials were contacted by Christina’s mother who reported the attack, yet the girls continued to harass Christina and her classmate Jessica. 1. They would shove and hit the girls in the halls, while the school still refused to do anything about the situation. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The advice Christina and Jessica got from their Vice Principal was to keep a low profile until the bullies moved on to someone new. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think the Vice Principal has underestimated the magnititude of the situation. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It didn’t stop there though. The two girls had to be sent home because the school said they couldn’t guarantee their safety. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The school board eventually got the girls a school aide to escort them to their classes.

Introduction to Legal Research Essay

Facts: Samantha Smith, a young and single mother, was shopping in the bath aisle of the local grocery store in Indiana. At approximately 1:30 pm she slipped and fell on a clear shampoo that had leaked out of one of the bottles and onto the floor. The aisle had been inspected, logged as clear of any dangerous hazards at 1:00 pm by an older employee who requires glasses. As a result of the fall, Samantha was transported to the hospital where she was admitted overnight and diagnosed with a broken hip. She will require many months of physical therapy. Samantha has no healthcare insurance coverage to cover any of her expenses and is responsible for a two year old son. Issue: Did the grocery store have knowledge of the hazardous substance on the floor, therefore being held liable for the injuries that Samantha sustained? Rule: The grocery store can only be held liable if it had knowledge of the hazardous condition. Breach of duty is defined as â€Å"the violation of a legal or moral obligation; the failure to act as the law obligates one to act; especially a fiduciary’s violation of an obligation owed to another.† Black’s Law Dictionary 214 (9th ed. 2009) Negligence is defined as â€Å"the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable risk of harm.† Black’s Law Dictionary 1133 (9th ed. 2009)  Analysis: Samantha is not able to prove that the grocery store had any knowledge of the hazardous substance on the floor; therefore, the grocery store was not negligent in its duty to the customer and cannot be held liable for Samantha’s injuries. Conclusion: It is not likely that Samantha will be awarded damages for her injuries because she cannot show proof that the grocery store had any knowledge of the hazardous spill on the floor. Vaughn v. National Tea Co., 328 F.2d 128 (7th Cir. 1964)  Facts: The Plaintiff, Vaughn, slipped and on a piece of lettuce and fell on the floor while shopping at National Tea Company. The store employee stated under testimony that she did not recall cleaning or picking up anything off of the aisle the day before the slip and fall occurred. The lettuce had multiple step marks on it which indicated that it had been there for a while. As a result of the slip and fall, Vaughn ruptured a disc in her back that resulted in the need for surgery. Vaughn filed a lawsuit against the National Tea Company for damages for the injuries she sustained. A jury found the Defendant guilty and awarded damages to Vaughn in the amount of $25,000. See more: how to write an introduction paragraph National Tea Company appealed the case stating there was no proof of negligence. Issue: Did National Tea Company have any knowledge of the lettuce on the floor which would ultimately hold them liable for the Vaughn’s injuries? Rule: Negligence is defined as â€Å"the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable risk of harm.† Black’s Law Dictionary 1133 (9th ed. 2009) Evidence showed that the lettuce had been stepped on multiple times and, therefore, the jury could find that it was on the floor ample enough time for someone at the store to have a duty to clean it up. Analysis: The jury held that National Tea Company was negligent and a breach of duty occurred because they lettuce was on the floor for a long enough time period to be noticed and removed; therefore, Vaughn was awarded dama ges. Carmichael v. Kroger, 654 N.E.2d 1188 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995) Facts: Carmichael was shopping in the dairy aisle at Kroger and at approximately 2:00 pm slipped on a broken egg. As a result, Carmichael filed a lawsuit against Kroger for damages as a result of the slip and fall. Records show that a Kroger employee checked the dairy aisle just after 2:00 pm the same day and confirmed that there was no hazardous material on the floor. Carmichael was unable to prove to the Court that Kroger knew about the broken egg on the floor; therefore, Kroger was not found negligent or liable for Carmichael’s injuries. Issue: Did Kroger know about the broken egg on the floor which in turn would hold them liable for  Carmichael’s injuries? Rule: Liability cannot be imposed if Kroger was not aware of the broken egg on the floor. Negligence is defined as â€Å"the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable risk of harm.† Black’s Law Dictionary 1133 (9th ed. 2009)  Analysis: Carmichael failed to prove to the Court that Kroger had any knowledge of the broken egg on the floor that created a hazard; therefore, Kroger was not negligent in its duty of care to Carmichael and cannot be held liable for Carmichael’s injuries. Conclusion: The Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court’s decision that Carmichael failed to prove negligence and breach of duty.

Nrs-433v Week 1 Literature Search Prevention of Surgical...

NRS-433V Week 1 Literature Search: Prevention of Surgical Site Infection To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/NRS-433VWeek1LiteratureSearchPreventionofSurgicalSiteInfection/2852 contact us at: help@mindblows.us NRS-433V Week 1 Literature Search: Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Details: Conduct a literature search to locate research articles focused on a practice problem of interest. This literature search should include both quantitative and qualitative peer research articles to support your practice problem or issue of interest in 350-750 words. Identify six peer research articles which will be utilized through the next 5 weeks as reference sources. Create a reference list in which the six†¦show more content†¦NRS-433V Week 1 Literature Search: Prevention of Surgical Site Infection To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/NRS-433VWeek1LiteratureSearchPreventionofSurgicalSiteInfection/2852 contact us at: help@mindblows.us NRS-433V Week 1 Literature Search: Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Details: Conduct a literature search to locate research articles focused on a practice problem of interest. This literature search should include both quantitative and qualitative peer research articles to support your practice problem or issue of interest in 350-750 words. Identify six peer research articles which will be utilized through the next 5 weeks as reference sources. Create a reference list in which the six articles are listed. Beneath each reference include the articles abstract. The completed assignment should have a title page and a reference list with abstracts. Suggestions for locating qualitative and quantitative research articles from credible sources: 1. Use a library database such as CINAHL Complete for your search. 2. Using the advanced search page check the box beside Research Article in the Limit Your Results section. 3. When setting up the search you can type your topic in the top box, then add quantitative or qualitative as a search term in one of the lower boxes. Research articles often are described as